Inicio Ámbitos de Actuación Día mundial contra el trabajo infantil

Día mundial contra el trabajo infantil

por Cristina de León

El pasado 12 de junio, se celebró el día mundial contra el trabajo infantil. Está en manos de todos tratar de denunciar esta injusticia, a través de la difusión de artículos como el presente o movilizaciones de cualquier índole por esta causa.

El trabajo infantil hace referencia a cualquier tipo de trabajo o actividad que priva a los niños de su infancia, se trata de actividades perjudiciales para la salud del niño, muchas de ellas son peligrosas para el menor.

Según las estimaciones recientes a nivel mundial, existen cerca de 250 millones de niños trabajando en el mundo y más de 120 millones lo hacen en condiciones peligrosas. Niños de 5 a 14 años de edad.

Niños y niñas se ven afectados casi por igual. La causa de la existencia del trabajo infantil, tiene sus raíces en la pobreza, el desempleo de muchos adultos, la falta de protección social y la incapacidad para asegurar la asistencia de los menores a la escuela hasta la edad mínima legal de admisión del empleo.

La dificultad de las tareas y las duras condiciones de trabajo crean como consecuencia, un envejecimiento prematuro, la desnutrición, la depresión o la drogadicción.

Al carecer de protección, siendo niños de entornos desfavorecidos de grupos minoritarios o sustraídos del seno familiar. Sus empleadores los convierten en menores desprotegidos e invisibles y, por lo tanto, son capaces de ejercer control absoluto sobre ellos. Estos niños trabajan en condiciones degradantes, lo que marchita todos sus derechos y principios fundamentales.

Otra de las consecuencias, es que al ser niños sin acceso a la educación normal, serán condenados a ser adultos analfabetos. Sin tener la posibilidad de crecer en su vida social y profesional.

En otros casos, el trabajo infantil también pone en peligro la dignidad y la moral del niño, especialmente cuando es víctima de explotación sexual, como la prostitución o la pornografía infantil.

Además, los niños que trabajan están más expuestos a la desnutrición y suelen ser víctimas de violencia física, mental y sexual.

A continuación veremos algunos casos de trabajo infantil en el mundo:

La explotación infantil existe en todos los continentes y adopta varias formas de acuerdo a las culturas y tradiciones de la región.

• En el sudeste de Asia y en el Pacífico, las niñas son vendidas para abastecer las redes de prostitución o para trabajar como empleadas domésticas. Muchos niños son vendidos a fábricas textiles como trabajadores sin paga para cubrir las deudas de sus familias.

• En África, los padres venden a sus hijos, a menudo a cambio de ganado (por lo general, un niño se vende por una vaca). Estos menores son explotados en plantaciones o en minas, o se convierten en trabajadores domésticos.

• En América del Norte y América Latina, los niños son víctimas de la prostitución para satisfacer el apetito perverso de turistas y son explotados cada vez más por los narcotraficantes.

• En Europa, se da niños son secuestrados, proporcionando mano de obra barata o abasteciendo a las redes de prostitución que proliferan en Europa del Este.

«Porque los niños tienen derecho a jugar y divertirse, no a ser obligados a trabajar en lugar de sus padres». #diamundialcontraeltrabajoinfantil

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